Page 60 - Part A

Counselling Skills

The key differences between the theories

There are a number of key differences between the theories that you have just covered.

• Unlike person-centred and cognitive behavioural theory, psychodynamic
theory highlights the importance of insight as an essential element for
the client to achieve positive progress.

• Psychodynamic approaches focus on insight arising from unconscious
thoughts, whereas person-centred approaches focus on insight arising
from a person’s feelings.

• The psychodynamic approach assumes that people are influenced by
their early experiences over which they have little control, whereas a
person-centred approach gives the client freer will to act.

• The person-centred approach does not use techniques, but relies on
the personal qualities of the therapist to build a non-judgemental and
empathetic relationship.

• Person-centred theory differs from the psychodynamic and behavioural
approaches in suggesting that clients would be better helped if they were
encouraged to focus on their current subjective understanding, rather
than on some unconscious motive or someone else’s interpretation of
the situation.

• The difference between CBT and other theories is that CBT focuses on
changing behaviour and irrational beliefs, rather than trying to find the
root cause of the problem.
• CBT counsellors do not usually interpret unconscious motivations, but
bring thoughts and beliefs into the current focus of attention.

• CBT focuses on a shared model of understanding of self-evaluation.

• CBT is solution-focused and works best with specific concerns, rather
than more complex mental health issues.

Key Fact

Different theories give rise to different approaches in helping the
client in a counselling situation.

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