Page 14 - Part-A

Understanding Specific Learning Difficulties

High-functioning Autism (HFA)

High-functioning Autism is difficult to distinguish from Asperger’s syndrome, and is
more difficult still for medical professionals to diagnose in practice.
Individuals with HFA may exhibit some of the features of ASC, such as limited social
skills, obsessive interests and emotional responses, which may in some cases seem
inappropriate to other people.

However, they are likely to be significantly more intelligent than average, and are
much more likely to occupy professional positions such as those in education,
ICT and industry.

The presentation and experience of ASC differs greatly from individual to individual,
but most theorists recognise that all people with the condition experience difficulties
or delays in three major areas, known as the triad of impairments.

These three areas are:

• Communication

• Social development

• Repetitive or obsessive behaviour.

The triad of impairments and difficulties with learning

There are many ways in which the characteristics of Autism Spectrum Condition may
cause difficulties with learning. Good listening and interaction skills are important in
the classroom. Children with communication and social interaction difficulties may find
it hard to work in a group, take turns to speak, answer questions appropriately and
understand conversational ‘rules’. Repetitive behaviour seen in ASC may also affect
learning. For example, stopping one activity to start another and moving from classroom
to classroom (especially if unexpected) can cause stress and anxiety. Sensory
processing difficulties may also impact learning (see ‘Stop and Think’ on the next page).

12