Page 7 - Part-A

Understanding Specific Learning Difficulties

What is meant by a range of Specific Learning Difficulties

The range of conditions known as SpLDs are closely related, have some symptoms
in common with one another, and often overlap in individuals.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) / Attention
Deficit Disorder (ADD)

The terms Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD) refer to the same condition, but ADD is the more outdated term.

ADHD is a common behavioral disorder that starts during childhood and has
symptoms that include hyperactivity, inattentiveness and impulsive behaviors. As
a result of these symptoms, many adults have trouble organising themselves and
managing their time.

It is suggested that between 3% to 9% of children in the UK may have ADHD, with
more boys than girls being identified.

Dyslexia

Dyslexia means a ‘difficulty with words’ and is a relatively common SpLD that affects
the ability to read, spell and write accurately and fluently. Because of the difficulties
individuals with dyslexia have in processing the sounds and words they see and hear,
this can lead to memory problems and problems retrieving information from memory.
Dyslexia affects approximately 10% of the population.

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)

Developmental Coordination Disorder, also known as dyspraxia, is a common
disorder affecting children and adults. It affects the way the brain processes
information. A person with DCD may also find it difficult to articulate their words
and may struggle with memory, planning and carrying out everyday tasks in life.
The condition is thought to be fairly common, with around 6% of school age
children being affected.

Dyscalculia

Dyscalculia is a difficulty with numbers that means the person has problems with
basic arithmetic and performing accurate calculations. The person may also have
a poor memory for numbers and basic maths. They might struggle with directions
and the concept of time. This condition is thought to affect between 3% to 6% of
the population with different degrees of severity.

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